Anesthesiologists’ Approach to Preoperative Fasting Durations: A Survey
Abstract
Objective: Anesthesia remains a critical component of modern surgery, yet complications such as pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents can occur. Guidelines have specified that preoperative fasting periods minimize the risk of aspiration; however, prolonged fasting and dehydration increase the risk of hypoglycemia and dehydration, especially in those with metabolic comorbidities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current practices and attitudes toward preoperative fasting intervals among anesthesiologists in Turkey through a survey study.
Material and Methods: An electronic internet survey was administered to anesthetists in Turkey during 2023. Participants were asked about their fasting guidelines, recommendations on consuming clear fluids and solid foods, and the reasons and consequences if these guidelines were not followed.
Results: Among 484 anesthesiologists who participated, 55% were female and 45% were male, with an average age of 40.04 (±10.53) years. Participants reported adhering to fasting guidelines in approximately 77.69% of cases, although only 68.60% actively followed the updated recommendations. Of the participants, 47.93% were aware of oral carbohydrate solutions, yet only 3.72% reported their use. Additionally, only 4.13% of participants reported using preoperative gastric ultrasound.
Conclusion: While the traditional 8-hour fasting duration remains a widely practiced norm, modern research and guidelines support shorter fasting intervals as safe and effective. Anesthesiologists should tailor preoperative fasting protocols based on patient characteristics, type of surgery, and the patient’s risk factors. Adherence to updated protocols is essential for optimizing patient comfort and safety.
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