Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Dysplasia of Oral Epithelium – A Comparative Study
Abstract
Objective: Cyclooxygenase-2 or COX-2 has been shown to play a vital role in pain and inflammation by mediating the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin, and the altered expression of cyclooxygenase-2 has been reported in carcinogenesis. The present study aimed to compare the expression of COX-2 in epithelial dysplasia (OED) and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral region (OSCC) via immunohistochemistry.
Material and Methods: The present study included 30 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples, of which 10 were histopathologically diagnosed as oral epithelial dysplasia, 10 oral squamous cell carcinoma, and 10 normal oral mucosa. The samples were subjected to immunohistochemical staining with COX-2, following which the intensity and the area of staining were assessed and scored. The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed for statistical analysis with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 23.0.
Results: A statistically significant increase in the expression of COX-2 was observed in OED and OSCC in comparison with the control.
Conclusion: Thus, COX-2 expression could be further explored as a marker for early diagnosis and prevention of cancer progression.
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